Cancer encompasses a group of diseases characterized by the proliferation of abnormal cells, which divide, grow and can spread uncontrollably in any part of the body. These cells form masses of tissue called tumors or neoplasms, causing problems in the area of the body where they develop; besides, they can spread to other parts of the body. Cancer cells differ from normal cells in many ways: they are less specialized cells, they ignore signals to stop their proliferation and to die when necessary, they influence normal cells, they have the ability to evade the immune system, they grow uncontrollably, and they become invasive. Cancer is considered a preventable disease, adopting strategies to avoid risk factors. In addition to being preventable, some types of cancer can be detected early. The purpose of early detection is to identify the tumor when it is located in the organ of origin, before it spreads to other organs, or to detect precancerous lesions (benign tumors). The correct diagnosis of cancer is essential to be able to establish an adequate and effective treatment. There are a lot of myths and misconceptions about cancer, including that this disease is synonymous with death.
Resúmen
El cáncer engloba a un grupo de enfermedades que se caracterizan por la proliferación de células anormales que se dividen, crecen y se pueden propagar sin control en cualquier parte del cuerpo. Estas células forman masas de tejido llamadas tumores o neoplasias, causando problemas en el área del cuerpo en la que se desarrollan; además, a la larga pueden propagarse a otras partes del organismo. Las células cancerosas se distinguen de las normales de muchas maneras: son menos especializadas, ignoran las señales para detener su proliferación y para morir cuando es necesario, influyen sobre las células normales, tienen la capacidad de evadir el sistema inmune, crecen sin control y se vuelven invasivas. El cáncer se considera una enfermedad prevenible, adoptando estrategias para evitar los factores de riesgo. Además de poder prevenirse, algunos tipos de cáncer pueden ser detectados tempranamente. El propósito de la detección temprana es identificar el tumor cuando se encuentra localizado en el órgano de origen, antes de que se disemine hacia otros órganos, o bien, detectar lesiones pre cancerosas (tumores benignos). El diagnóstico correcto del cáncer es fundamental para establecer un tratamiento adecuado y eficaz. Existe una gran cantidad de mitos e ideas erróneas acerca del cáncer, entre ellas, que es sinónimo de muerte.
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- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12 |
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8 | 22 | 20 | 36 | 35 | 26 | 22 | 23 | 22 | 14 | 30 | 10 |
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13 | 15 | 18 | 8 | 23 | 20 | 6 | 25 | 34 | 21 | 45 | 19 |
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24 | 30 | 38 | 40 | 32 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
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