The search for tumor-associated viruses began as an interest in identifying the etiology of cancer and applying the prophylactic principles that have been used for a long time in infectious diseases, in order to prevent the development of cancer; although this search for viruses began with the aim of preventing neoplasms in humans, the problem is no less complex in animals. In the last forty years, the number of infections associated with the development of different types of cancer in humans has increased, and it is estimated that about 20% of the incidence of global cancer originates as a consequence of previous infections. In veterinary medicine there are various oncogenic viruses, with both DNA and RNA viruses being found. DNA viruses generally differ from oncogenic retroviruses in that they contain authentic viral genes that encode oncoproteins capable of transforming infected cells; while most retroviruses insert their genome into cellular DNA and their regulatory elements affect the expression of genes in the host cell close to this insertion, which is known as insertional mutagenesis. Understanding the role that viruses play in the development of certain neoplasms is highly relevant and its study has allowed us to know the mechanisms of oncogenesis in different neoplasms of both animals and humans. From a veterinary point of view, these infections have important repercussions on animal breeding systems, leaving great economic losses, as well as affecting dearly esteemed companion animals.
Resúmen
La búsqueda de virus asociados a tumores inició como un interés de identificar la etiología del cáncer y aplicar, con el fin de prevenir su desarrollo, los principios profilácticos que se han utilizado durante mucho tiempo en las enfermedades infecciosas; aunque esta búsqueda de virus se inició con el objetivo de prevenir neoplasias en humanos, el problema no es menos complejo en los animales. En los últimos 40 años se ha incrementado el número de infecciones ligadas al desarrollo de diferentes tipos de cáncer en humanos, estimándose que cerca de 20% de la incidencia de cáncer global se origina como consecuencia de infecciones previas. En medicina veterinaria existen diversos virus oncogénicos, encontrándose tanto virus DNA como RNA. Los virus DNA generalmente se diferencian de los retrovirus oncogénicos en que contienen genes virales auténticos que codifican oncoproteínas capaces de transformar a las células infectadas; mientras que la mayoría de los retrovirus insertan su genoma en el DNA celular y sus elementos reguladores afectan la expresión de genes de la célula huésped cercano a esta inserción, lo que sé conoce como mutagénesis insercional. Entender el papel que juegan los virus en el desarrollo de ciertas neoplasias es de suma relevancia y su estudio ha permitido conocer los mecanismos de oncogénesis en diferentes neoplasias tanto de animales como de humanos. Desde el punto de vista veterinario, estas infecciones tienen repercusiones importantes en los sistemas de producción animal, dejando grandes pérdidas económicas, así como también afectando a los animales de compañía de alta estima.
Ene | Feb | Mar | Abr | May | Jun | Jul | Ago | Sept | Oct | Nov | Dic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | 10 | 32 | 20 | 21 | 19 | 21 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 18 | 10 |
Ene | Feb | Mar | Abr | May | Jun | Jul | Ago | Sept | Oct | Nov | Dic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
14 | 24 | 11 | 9 | 38 | 35 | 10 | 17 | 20 | 29 | 33 | 11 |
Ene | Feb | Mar | Abr | May | Jun | Jul | Ago | Sept | Oct | Nov | Dic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
33 | 57 | 25 | 30 | 17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
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