Abstract
The immune response against SARS-CoV-2 is similar to that against other viruses, where the innate immune system acts at early stages through the secretion of type 1 interferon (type 1 IFN), which prevents viral replication and the activation of natural killer (NK) cells. Later, the adaptive immune system acts through CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes and antibody production, which aim to destroy infected cells and block viral entry into cells. All the above leads to the elimination of the virus and mild symptomatology. However, in individuals with a weakened immune system, the viral infection spreads and leads to a potent inflammatory response, which leads to the recruitment of immune cells to the lungs, where they can cause severe pulmonary and even systemic pathology.
Resúmen
La respuesta inmune contra el SARS-CoV-2 es similar a la que se lleva a cabo frente a otros virus, en donde el sistema inmune innato actúa a tiempos tempranos a partir de la secreción de interferón del tipo 1 (IFN tipo 1), que impide la replicación viral y la activación de las células asesinas naturales (NK). A tiempos más tardíos actúa el sistema inmune adaptativo a partir los linfocitos T citotóxicos CD8+ y la producción de anticuerpos, que tienen como objetivo el destruir células infectadas y bloquear la entrada del virus a las células, respectivamente. Todo lo anterior conduce a la eliminación del virus y a una sintomatología leve. Sin embargo, en individuos con un debilitado sistema inmunológico, la infección viral se propaga y conduce a una potente respuesta inflamatoria, que conduce al reclutamiento de células inmunes a los pulmones donde pueden causar una grave patología pulmonar e incluso sistémica
Keywords: ; Innate immunity; adaptive immunity; SARS CoV-2, COVID-19; inflammation; type I interferon
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