The active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], is a steroid hormone whose biological actions are mediated through the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Globally, its deficiency is a major public health problem and is mainly due to insufficient exposure to sunlight. It is estimated that 50% of the world’s population has vitamin D insufficiency and one billion people are deficient. Vitamin D deficiency induces oxidative stress and both are associated with various diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension and COVID-19. Vitamin D exerts an indirect antioxidant role:1) increasing the transcription of erythroid nuclear factor 2 -related factor 2 (Nrf2), which increases various antioxidant enzymes, 2) decreasing the expression of pro-oxidant enzymes and 3) decreasing the translocation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) to the nucleus. The importance of this deficiency is made evident by the fact that vitamin D supplementation has been associated with a significant reduction in mortality. Therefore, the aim of this review is to update the basics around vitamin D deficiency and its relationship to some diseases.
Resúmen
La forma activa de la vitamina D, la 1α,25-dihidroxivitamina D3 [1α,25(OH)2D3], es una hormona esteroide cuyas acciones biológicas están mediadas a través del receptor de vitamina D (VDR). A nivel mundial, su deficiencia es un problema importante de salud pública y se debe, principalmente, a una exposición insuficiente a la luz solar. Se estima que el 50% de la población mundial tiene insuficiencia de vitamina D y un billón de personas son deficientes. La deficiencia de vitamina D induce estrés oxidante y ambos están asociados con diversas enfermedades como obesidad, diabetes, hipertensión y COVID-19. La vitamina D ejerce un papel antioxidante indirecto: 1) aumentando la transcripción del factor 2 relacionado con el factor nuclear eritroide 2 (Nrf2), lo que aumenta diversas enzimas antioxidantes, 2) disminuyendo la expresión de enzimas prooxidantes y 3) disminuyendo la translocación del factor nuclear kappa-B (NF-κB) al núcleo. La importancia de esta deficiencia se hace evidente por el hecho de que la suplementación con vitamina D se ha asociado con una reducción significativa de la mortalidad. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión es actualizar los conceptos básicos alrededor de la deficiencia de vitamina D y su relación con algunas enfermedades.
Ene | Feb | Mar | Abr | May | Jun | Jul | Ago | Sept | Oct | Nov | Dic |
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- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 35 | 28 | 15 | 13 |
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12 | 11 | 16 | 7 | 12 | 5 | 2 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 14 | 18 |
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11 | 19 | 12 | 34 | 23 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
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