The innate immune system (IIS) is the first line of defense against infectious agents and the detection of tissue damage. The IIS recognizes a group of molecules essential for the survival of microorganisms, which are called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In addition, IIS recognizes molecules produced and released by damaged or stressed cells, called damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Both PAMPs and DAMPs are recognized by a group of evolutionarily conserved receptors on IIS cells called pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The recognition of PAMPs and DAMPs by PRRs present in IIS cells leads to different effects on the immune response, including phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression of genes related to the production of inflammatory and antiviral mediators. For this reason, PRRs are central elements in IIS to respond to pathogens and tissue damage.
Resúmen
El sistema inmunitario innato (SII) es la primera línea de defensa frente a los agentes infecciosos y también en la detección de daño tisular. El SII reconoce un grupo de moléculas esenciales para la supervivencia de los microorganismos, que reciben el nombre de Patrones Moleculares Asociados a Patógenos (PAMPs). Además, el SII reconoce a moléculas que son producidas y liberadas por las células dañadas o estresadas, llamadas Patrones Moleculares Asociados a Daño (DAMPs). Tanto los PAMPs como los DAMPs son reconocidos por un grupo de receptores evolutivamente conservados, y presentes en las células del SII, llamados Receptores de Reconocimiento de Patrones (PRRs). El reconocimiento de los PAMPs y DAMPs por parte de los PRRs presentes en las células del SII conduce a diferentes efectos en la respuesta inmunitaria, entre los que se encuentran la fagocitosis, la producción de Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno (EROs), la expresión de genes relacionados a la producción de mediadores inflamatorios y antivirales. Por esta razón, los PRRs son elementos centrales en el SII para responder a los patógenos y el daño tisular.
Ene | Feb | Mar | Abr | May | Jun | Jul | Ago | Sept | Oct | Nov | Dic |
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- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | 60 |
Ene | Feb | Mar | Abr | May | Jun | Jul | Ago | Sept | Oct | Nov | Dic |
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28 | 15 | 6 | 10 | 15 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 37 | 37 | 34 | 32 |
Ene | Feb | Mar | Abr | May | Jun | Jul | Ago | Sept | Oct | Nov | Dic |
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33 | 43 | 34 | 26 | 34 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
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