The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) takes place in all organisms. ROS regulate the cell cycle and other biological phenomena that make them essential for life. However, when there is a ROS excess and/or the antioxidant system is reduced, oxidative stress is induced. During this process, ROS can attack various biomolecules and generate oxidative damage. The hydroxyl radical is a highly reactive ROS that can react with guanine in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), generating the molecule 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative damage to DNA. Some research have shown that cancer patients or mouse models of cancer have elevated levels of 8-OHdG in serum, urine, saliva, and tissues. This literature review summarizes the main findings of 8-OHdG in several types of cancer and shows the evidence for the potential use of 8-OHdG as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in cancer.
Resúmen
La producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno (ERO) se efectúa en todos los organismos. Las ERO regulan el ciclo celular y otros fenómenos biológicos que las hacen indispensables para la vida. Sin embargo, cuando existe un exceso de ERO y/o se reduce el sistema antioxidante, se induce el estrés oxidativo. Durante este proceso, las ERO pueden atacar a diversas biomoléculas y generar daño oxidativo. El radical hidroxilo, es una ERO muy reactiva que puede reaccionar con la guanina del ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN), generando la molécula 8-hidroxi-2’-desoxiguanosina (8-OHdG), un marcador de daño oxidativo al ADN. Diversas investigaciones han demostrado que los pacientes con cáncer o modelos murinos de cáncer presentan niveles elevados de 8-OHdG en suero, orina, saliva y tejidos. Esta revisión literaria resume los principales hallazgos del 8-OHdG en los diversos tipos de cáncer y muestra la evidencia del uso potencial del 8-OHdG, como un biomarcador de daño oxidativo al ADN en el cáncer.
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