Inflammation is a common factor in all pathologies, except normal pregnancy which is not a disease. The inflammation concept associated to immune system has been complemented by cells and inner secreted molecules interaction as coagulation and tissue regeneration process, a complex cross-talk is integrated. Inflammatory response must be limited, it is not only as proinflammatory mediators’ production stops and disappears, anti-inflammatory molecules release is involved too. Unresolved inflammatory process participates in early steps of disorders development. This extraordinary and strictly regulated cellular mechanism is described in an easy manner, the inflammatory types known at the moment, various cells and molecules implicated, how their communication and interactions occur, as well as inflammatory mediators’ measurement by laboratory.
Resúmen
La inflamación es el común denominador de todas las enfermedades, la excepción es el embarazo normal porque no es una patología. El concepto de inflamación asociado solo al sistema inmunológico se ha visto complementado por la interacción con células y sus moléculas secretadas que forman parte de la coagulación y la regeneración tisular, formando una compleja red de respuestas cruzadas. La respuesta inflamatoria debe ser limitada, no solo es el dejar de producir mediadores proinflamatorios, también es la liberación de moléculas antiinflamatorias. Un proceso inflamatorio sin resolver está involucrado en las primeras etapas del desarrollo de una enfermedad. Este extraordinario y bien regulado mecanismo de funciones celulares se describe de forma sencilla en cada uno de los tipos de inflamación definidos al momento, la plétora de elementos celulares y moleculares que participan, cómo se relacionan y comunican entre ellos, también mencionamos algunos mediadores inflamatorios que se miden en el laboratorio.
Ene | Feb | Mar | Abr | May | Jun | Jul | Ago | Sept | Oct | Nov | Dic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 34 |
Ene | Feb | Mar | Abr | May | Jun | Jul | Ago | Sept | Oct | Nov | Dic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
27 | 13 | 11 | 10 | 23 | 6 | 5 | 28 | 28 | 38 | 25 | 17 |
Ene | Feb | Mar | Abr | May | Jun | Jul | Ago | Sept | Oct | Nov | Dic |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
21 | 33 | 39 | 94 | 26 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Aoki, T., & Narumiya, S. (2012). Prostaglandins and chronic inflammation. In Trends in Pharmacological Sciences Vol. 33, Issue 6, pp. 304–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tips.2012.02.004
Arias-Stella, J. (2005). SIMPOSIO Sesión Ordinaria: 21 de abril de 2005.
Askenase, M. H., & Sansing, L. H. (2016). Stages of the Inflammatory Response in Pathology and Tissue Repair after Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Seminars in Neurology, 36(3), 288–297. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1582132
Bernson, E., Christenson, K., Pesce, S., Pasanen, M., Marcenaro, E., Sivori, S., & Thorén, F. B. (2019). Downregulation of HLA Class I Renders Inflammatory Neutrophils More Susceptible to NK Cell-Induced Apoptosis. Frontiers in Immunology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02444
Calder, P. C., Bosco, N., Bourdet-Sicard, R., Capuron, L., Delzenne, N., Doré, J., Franceschi, C., Lehtinen, M. J., Recker, T., Salvioli, S., & Visioli, F. (2017). Health relevance of the modification of low grade inflammation in ageing (inflammageing) and the role of nutrition. In Ageing Research Reviews Vol. 40, pp. 95–119. Elsevier Ireland Ltd. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.arr.2017.09.001
Feehan, K. T., & Gilroy, D. W. (2019). Is Resolution the End of Inflammation? In Trends in Molecular Medicine (Vol. 25, Issue 3, pp. 198–214). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmed.2019.01.006
Franceschi, C., Garagnani, P., Parini, P., Giuliani, C., & Santoro, A. (2018). Inflammaging: a new immune–metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases. In Nature Reviews Endocrinology (Vol. 14, Issue 10, pp. 576–590). Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-018-0059-4
Gong, T., Liu, L., Jiang, W., & Zhou, R. (2020). DAMP-sensing receptors in sterile inflammation and inflammatory diseases. In Nature Reviews Immunology Vol. 20, Issue 2, pp. 95–112. Nature Research. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-019-0215-7
Gulhar, R., Ashraf, M. A., & Jialal, I. (2021). Physiology, Acute Phase Reactants. PMID: 30137854. Bookshelf ID: NBK519570
Hannoodee, S., & Nasuruddin, D. N. (2021). Acute Inflammatory Response. PMID: 32310543. Bookshelf ID: NBK556083
Jaude A. N. & González A. I. (2012). Inmunopatogenia de las enfermedades autoinmunes. Revista Médica Clínica Las Condes, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0716-8640(12)70337-1
León-Pedroza, J. I., González-Tapia, L. A., del Olmo-Gil, E., Castellanos- Rodríguez, D., Escobedo, G., & González-Chávez, A. (2015). Inflamación sistémica de grado bajo y su relación con el desarrollo de enfermedades metabólicas: de la evidencia molecular a la aplicación clínica. Cirugia y Cirujanos, 83(6), 543–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.circir.2015.05.041
León-Regal M., Alvarado-Borges A., de-Armas-García J., Miranda-Alvarado L., Varens-Cedeño J., Cuesta-del-Sol J. (2015). Respuesta inflamatoria aguda. Consideraciones bioquímicas y celulares Inflammatory Acute Response. Biochemical and Cellular Considerations.
Li, C., Xu, M. M., Wang, K., Adler, A. J., Vella, A. T., & Zhou, B. (2018). Macrophage polarization and meta-inflammation. In Translational Research (Vol. 191, pp. 29–44). Mosby Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2017.10.004
Lo, M. W., & Woodruff, T. M. (2020). Complement: Bridging the innate and adaptive immune systems in sterile inflammation. In Journal of Leukocyte Biology (Vol. 108, Issue 1, pp. 339–351). John Wiley and Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/JLB.3MIR0220-270R
López-Bago A., González Reyes R. E., Ruíz Santana J. E., & Rivera Jiménez J. (2018). Inmunidad e inflamación en el proceso quirúrgico. Rev Fac Med UNAM , 61(4), 7–15.
Padrón-González, A. A., & Dorta-Contreras, A. J. (2018). Lectin pathway, a complement route under construction.
Pahwa, R., Goyal, A., Bansal, P., & Jialal, I. (2021). Chronic Inflammation. PMID: 29630225. Bookshelf ID: NBK493173
Papayannopoulos, V. (2018). Neutrophil extracellular trash in immunity and disease. In Nature Reviews Immunology (Vol. 18, Issue 2, pp. 134– 147). Nature Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2017.105
Pitchford, S., Pan, D., & Welch, H. C. E. (2017). Platelets in neutrophil recruitment to sites of inflammation. In Current Opinion in Hematology (Vol. 24, Issue 1, pp. 23–31). Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOH.0000000000000297
Reinke, J. M., & Sorg, H. (2012). Wound repair and regeneration. In European Surgical Research (Vol. 49, Issue 1, pp. 35–43). https://doi.org/10.1159/000339613
Salvatore E., A., Giada, M., Alessio, F., & Ciprandi, G. (2019). From Tissue Repair to Tissue Regeneration. In Wound Healing - Current Perspectives. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.81291
Shinde, A. v., & Frangogiannis, N. G. (2014). Fibroblasts in myocardial infarction: A role in inflammation and repair. In Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Vol. 70, pp. 74–82. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.11.015
Tilg, H., Zmora, N., Adolph, T. E., & Elinav, E. (2020). The intestinal microbiota fuelling metabolic inflammation. In Nature Reviews Immunology (Vol. 20, Issue 1, pp. 40–54). Nature Research. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41577-019-0198-4
Żelechowska, P., Agier, J., Kozłowska, E., & Brzezińska-Błaszczyk, E. (2018). Mast cells participate in chronic low-grade inflammation within adipose tissue. In Obesity Reviews (Vol. 19, Issue 5, pp. 686–697). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12670