Viruses are intracellular pathogens, which are replicated within a cell, using their own machinery to generate more viral particles. Viral replication can affect normal host cell genes, thereby modulating signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, differentiation, and death; genomic integrity, and immune-mediated recognition. Viruses, known as oncogenic viruses, cause about 20% of human cancers. The phenomenon of a basic viral infection to tumorigenesis is long due to the involvement of several factors, such as immune complications, cellular mutations, and exposure to other cancer agents. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated with herpes, also known as type-8 Herpes virus (HHV-8), human papillomavirus (HPV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and type-1 human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-1) are involved in the development of humans cancers.
Resúmen
Los virus son patógenos intracelulares que se reproducen dentro de una célula utilizando la maquinaria de la misma para obtener más partículas virales. La replicación viral puede afectar genes celulares normales del hospedador, modulando así las vías de señalización que controlan la proliferación, diferenciación, muerte celular, integridad genómica y el reconocimiento mediado por el sistema inmune. Aproximadamente 20% de los cánceres en humanos son causados por virus, conocidos como virus oncogénicos. El fenómeno que lleva de una infección básica viral a la tumorogénesis es largo, debido a la participación de factores como la complicación inmunitaria, mutaciones celulares y la exposición a otros agentes cancerosos. El virus de Epstein-Barr (EBV), sarcoma de Kaposi- asociado a herpes, también conocido como Herpes virus tipo 8 (HHV-8), virus de papiloma humano (HPV), el virus de la hepatitis B (HBV), el de la hepatitis C (HCV) y el virus linfotrópico humano de células T tipo 1 (HTLV-1) están involucrados con el desarrollo de cáncer en humanos.
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